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Mariánská Týnice is a former pilgrimage destination in Bohemia, now the Czech Republic, with the Baroque Church of the Annunciation and the Cistercian Provost Office built by Jan Santini Aichel in the 18th century. == History of the pilgrimage site == In the 12th century the little village of Týnec near Kralovice belonged to a man called Roman. He was ill and without children, and he promised that if he were healed he would build a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary. They recovered and he kept his promise.〔A. Černý: Mariánská Týnice u Kralovic, Kralovice 1936 〕 In circa 1180 (or 1230〔Mariánská Týnec u Kralovic, Edice Kroužku přátel starožitností v Plzni, Plzeň 1914 〕) he bequeathed his property to the Cistercian monastery in Plasy. The monks of Plasy built a court around the chapel where they worked.〔 People started to visit the site from far and wide and Pope Urban III granted the chapel special indulgence for the pilgrims in 1186, which was confirmed by Innocent IV in 1250.〔 It became the oldest pilgrimage site in Western Bohemia.〔 There are no subsequent records of the site until the Hussite Wars when the Plasy region was badly plundered.〔 In the 16th century most of the property of the Plasy monastery was sold to Florian Griespek von Griespach.〔 Legal disputes between the monks and the House of Griespek were ended in 1613 when king Matthias returned the site in Mariánská Týnice to the Cistercians.〔 The Griespeks lost all their property due to confiscation after the battle of White Mountain and so the monastery in Plasy was returned to the monks as well (through the intercession of Jaroslav Bořita of Martinice) and Mariánská Týnice became part of the property of the monastery.〔 During the Thirty Years' War when all Bohemia suffered from boundless pillage, Týnec survived with no harm, which was ascribed to the protection of the Virgin Mary.〔 The new abbot of Plasy, Jakob Berger Vrchota of Rosenwerth, fell ill in 1638 and entrusted his life to the hands of the Virgin Mary of Týnice with a promise to improve the site if he were healed. After recovery he built a larger church with two altars (St. Joachim and St. Anne) and put a new picture of the Virgin Mary inside.〔 The site was visited by more and more pilgrims, and so a new bigger church was built in 1681 when Ondřej Trojer was the abbot of Plasy. A painting of Our Lady of Sorrows was brought from Rome by Jan Karel of Unwerth and two other altars were founded (St. Bernard and Fourteen Holy Helpers).〔 Abbot Trojer set up the provost office in Týnice in 1699 and donated his own homestead in Kralovice and 12,000 guldens.〔 In 1711 Abbot Eugen Tittl, who started to rebuild the monastery in Plasy, also laid the cornerstone of a completely new church and provost office near the site of the existing church.〔 The work on the new building was disrupted in the war times during the rule of Maria Theresa, and the interior was not completed and consecrated until 1777 when the old church was pulled down.〔 In 1785 the church was closed by the reform of Joseph II and the equipment was liquidated.〔 The last Mass in the church was celebrated on 7 August 1786.〔 In 1826 Týnec was bought by Prince Metternich.〔 In 1894, when the convent in Plasy was destroyed by fire, material was taken from Týnice to repair it.〔 The provost office served as a gamekeeper's lodge.〔 The building was falling into disrepair, and in 1920 the dome and some vaults caved in.〔Mojmír Horyna, Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel. Prague 1998, p. 277 〕 In 1919 a volunteer organization was established in Plzeň to find help for reconstruction of the ruin. Architect Hanuš Zápal published a book in 1921 which initiated serious interest in the monument among a lot of people.〔ed. Irena Bukačová: Paměť Plzeňského kraje. Muzea a galerie zřizované Plzeňským krajem; Plzeň 2008 ()〕 The church without the dome was fixed, and in 1952 a new museum was established in it. In 2005 the dome was built and the building became the seat of the Museum and Gallery of the North Pilsen region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mariánská Týnice」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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